Day 26: Immigration History 101

● 1943: Bracero Program
o Brings in over 5 million temporary workers from Mexico, mostly to fill agricultural labor shortage during WWII.

Immigrant of the day: Mexican-born chemist Mario Molina won a Nobel Prize in 1995 for his research on how man-made compounds affect the ozone layer.

Cartoon by: Angel Boligan, El Universal, Mexico City, www.caglecartoons.com

**Program created by Ana Rodriguez-BorderLinks’ (Tucson AZ)**

Day 25: Immigration History 101

● 1942: Japanese internment
o Over 112,000 Japanese Americans, most of them U.S. citizens, are placed in military internment camps during WWII
(Shame shame shame on us.)

Immigrant of the day: Isamu Noguchi was born in Los Angeles, the illegitimate son of Yone Noguchi, a Japanese poet who was acclaimed in the United States, and Léonie Gilmour, an American writer who edited much of Noguchi’s work.

Yone had ended his relationship with Gilmour earlier that year and planned to marry The Washington Post reporter Ethel Armes. After proposing to Armes, Yone left for Japan in late August, settling in Tokyo and awaiting her arrival; their engagement fell through months later when she learned of Léonie and her newborn son.

In 1906, Yone invited Léonie to come to Tokyo with their son. She at first refused, but growing anti-Japanese sentiment following the Russo-Japanese War eventually convinced her to take up Yone’s offer.[3] The two departed from San Francisco in March 1907, arriving in Yokohama to meet Yone. Upon arrival, their son was finally given the name Isamu (勇, “courage”).

Cartoon by: By R.e.wassink (Own work) [CC BY-SA 3.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0)

**Program created by Ana Rodriguez-BorderLinks’ (Tucson AZ)**

Day 24: Immigration History 101

● 1940: Alien Registration Act
o It requires all “aliens” over the age of 14 to register and get fingerprinted.

EB-1A (E11/E16) Alien Visa today
Description
An extraordinary ability may be eligible for an employment-based, first-preference EB-1 immigrant visa. An alien must be able to demonstrate extraordinary ability in the sciences, arts, education, business, or athletics through sustained national or international acclaim. Achievements must be recognized through extensive documentation. No offer of employment is required.

Immigrant of the day: Yoko Ono (Japanese: 小野 洋子, born February 18, 1933) is a Japanese-American multimedia artist, singer, songwriter and peace activist. Her work also encompasses performance art, which she performs in both English and Japanese and filmmaking. Singer-songwriter John Lennon of the Beatles was her third husband.

Cartoon by: Petar Pismestrovic, Kleine Zeitung, Austria, via caglecartoons.com

**Program created by Ana Rodriguez-BorderLinks’ (Tucson AZ)**

Day 24: Immigration History 101

● 1934:Tydings-McDuffie Act
o Grants independence to the Philippines, and limits Filipino immigration to a quota of fifty persons per year, and all Filipinos in the United States were reclassified as “aliens”

Cartoon by: As a work of the U.S. federal government, the image is in the public domain in the United States.

Immigrant of the day: Pedro Flores is considered to be the man responsible for the invention of the yo-yo. Born in Vintar, Ilocos Norte, Philippines, Flores came to the United States in 1915 where he attended the High School of Commerce in San Francisco. After graduating high school, he went on to study law at the University of California, Berkeley and the Hastings College of Law. Flores decided to drop out of school and moved to Santa Barbara, California where he eventually started his life as an inventor of the yo-yo.

**Program created by Ana Rodriguez-BorderLinks’ (Tucson AZ)**

With that Moon Language

Admit something:
Everyone you see, you say to them, “Love me.” 
Of course you do not do this out loud, otherwise 
Someone would call the cops. 
Still, though, think about this, this great pull in us to connect.
Why not become the one who lives with a
Full moon in each eye that is always saying,
With that sweet moon language, what every other eye in
This world is dying to hear?
-Hafiz

Day 23: Immigration History 101

● 1929: United States government deports thousands of Mexicans, including many
U.S. citizens to Mexico during the Great Depression

Cartoon by: Courtesy Boyle Heights Museum

Immigrant of the day: Carlos Santana- born in Navarro Jalisco, Mexico-and well- you know what he does!

**Program created by Ana Rodriguez-BorderLinks’ (Tucson AZ)**

Day 22: Immigration History 101

● 1921-1924: Quota Acts of 1921 and 1924 (Johnson Reed Immigration Act)
o In response to growing anti-immigrant sentiment and the growing power of white supremacists, the Quota Acts establish a “national origins quota system” that favors immigration from Europe. This legislation bared all immigrants from Asia, and granted citizenship to Native Americans. It also established the U.S. Border Patrol.

Cartoon by: Christopher Weyant, The Hill, via caglecartoons.com

Immigrant of the day: Albert Einstein
The man whose name today is synonymous with the word genius began his life in Germany before immigrating to the United States. He arrived on April 2, 1921 at the age of 43. His wife, Elsa, also joined him in New York City. After arriving, Albert received an official welcome from Mayor John Francis Hylan. By this time period, he had already developed the Theory of Relativity, but it was after his arrival in America that he accepted the Nobel Prize in Physics.

**Program created by Ana Rodriguez-BorderLinks’ (Tucson AZ)**

Day 21: Immigration History 101

● 1919: Palmer Raids
o Deportations and round ups of “aliens,” anarchists and communists, especially those from southern Europe and Latin America influential in labor organizing

Cartoon by: unknown

Immigrant of the day: Anne Elisabeth “Liz” Claiborne (Belgium → US) Liz Claiborne revolutionized how the working woman dressed and in 1986, when Liz Claiborne Inc made the Fortune 500 list, it was the first company founded by a woman to make the cut.

**Program created by Ana Rodriguez-BorderLinks’ (Tucson AZ)**

Day 20: Immigration History 101

● 1917: Congress enacts a literacy requirement for immigrants
o Mexicans exempted from anti-immigration laws so that they could provide labor
o Selective process of who could enter the U.S. based on sexual orientation, and able body and mind

Cartoon by: Evans, Raymond O., Artist. The Americanese wall – as Congressman [John Lawson] Burnett would build it. Illus. in: Puck,v. 79, 1916 Mar. 25, p. 10. Retrieved from the Library of Congress

Immigrant of the day: Sergey Brin-The co-founder of Google, the most visited website in the world, was born on August 21, 1973 in Moscow, Russia. When he was 6 years old, his family emigrated to the United States.

**Program created by Ana Rodriguez-BorderLinks’ (Tucson AZ)**

Day 19: Immigration History 101

● 1910-1940: Great Migration
o Over 1 million African Americans migrate from the South to the North to escape lynchings, Jim Crow Laws, and economic hardships. They seek out better jobs and an overall better life in the north.

Cartoon by: By Jacob Lawrence (1917 – 2000), Harmon Foundation [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons

Immigrant of the day: David “Dave” Wesley Lewis, 1930-2019.
He was born at home in 1930 to Trubadour and Bertie Lewis in Cumberland, MD. His father’s family migrated from Wales in the 19th century and and his mother’s family arrived before the American Revolution from England. He was married nearly 59 years to Shirley Lewis. The biggest part of Dave’s career was spent in Laurel, MD as both a math teacher and vice-principal. Dave served in the US Army during the conflict in Korea. He will be missed.

**Program created by Ana Rodriguez-BorderLinks’ (Tucson AZ)**

Day 18: Immigration History 101

● 1910: Mexican Revolution
o As a response to the presidency of Porfirio DIaz (known as el Porfiriato), which lasted over 30 years and vastly favored the rich, many agrarian workers, youth, and lower class citizens rose up against the Mexican government. The war sent thousands of peasants to the U.S. border seeking safety and employment, since it was easier for agricultural workers to obtain parcels of land, that they could own, due to much of the territory not yet being populated.
Congress

Cartoon by: Posada, José Guadalupe, Artist. Asalto de Zapatistas. [No Date Recorded on Caption Card] Photograph. Retrieved from the Library of Congress

Immigrant of the day: Goh Choo San -14 September 1948 – 28 November 1987- was a Chinese ballet dancer and choreographer.

**Program created by Ana Rodriguez-BorderLinks’ (Tucson AZ)**